![]() ![]() With incorporation of the C 3-SAM, highly crystalline CH 3NH 3PbI 3 films were formed with reduced pin-holes and trap states density. ![]() Here we developed a facile but efficient method of modifying the ZnO-coated substrates with 3-aminopropanioc acid (C 3-SAM) to direct the crystalline evolution and achieve the optimal morphology of CH 3NH 3PbI 3 perovskite film. However, this topic is seldom examined in PSC. The surface properties of the substrates on which crystalline perovskite thin films form are expected to affect greatly the crystallization and, thus, the resulting morphology. Morphology control is critical to achieve high efficiency CH 3NH 3PbI 3 perovskite solar cells (PSC).
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